Diabetes Mellitus is one of the most commonly done to increase diseases and spoilage statistics.The symptoms of diabetes are not visible on the same day, the process is extremely chronically flowing with the increase in the endocrine exchange disorder.It is true that I debut of diabetes is significantly different from the early stage of the second.
Among the entire endocrine pathology, the Diabetes championship is confident and more than 60% of all cases.In addition, the disappointed statistics show that "1/10 of diabetics are children.
The likelihood of obtaining the disease is aged and thus increases the number of groups in every decade.It is explained by an increase in life, improving early diagnosis, reducing physical activity and the increase in the number of people with excess weight.
Types of diabetes
Many heard like an inactive diabetes about such a disease.Thus, the reader will not be useful to clarify the differences that the reader later did not confuse the diseases of the "diabetes".
Urethra
Nehytaryary is an endocrine disease that results in the cause of diabetes, neuroinfections, inflammatory diseases, tumors, drunkennesses, drunkennesses and drawbacks
This explains the clinical picture of the disease:
- The permanent dryness of the mucous membranes of the oral cavity, incredible thirst (man can drink 50 liters of water within 24 hours, extends to the culturally large size);
- The allocation of a large number of unconditional light urine with low-specific weight (1000-1003);
- Disaster weight loss, weakness, reduction of physical activity, disorders of the digestive system;
- A characteristic change in skin ("parchment" skin);
- Atrophy of muscle fibers, weakness of muscle apparatus;
- Development of dehydration syndrome in the absence of more than 4 hours of liquid.
In terms of full treatment, the disease has a negative forecast, the performance is significantly reduced.
Short anatomy and physiology
A body that is not a single body - pancreas performs a mixed secretary function.The exogenous part of the external exhibition producing enzymes involved in the digestive process.The endocrine part, assigned to the internal executive mission, including the development of various hormonesInsulin and glucaqa.The human body is the key to ensure the stability of sugar.
The Diaper's endocrine section represents the islands of Langerganes consisting of:
- A cells that occupy a quarter of the islands and are considered in the place of Glucagon products;
- 6 60% of the cell population, which accounts for 60% of the cell population, a polypeptide of two chains, which has a certain sequence of insulin, molecule, 51 amino acids;
- D cells producing somatostatin;
- Cells that produce other polypeptides.
Thus, the result manifests itself:LANGERGANES is a basic mechanism that causes damage to the pancreas and islands, especially in the development of insulin production and develop a pathological process.
Types and special forms of the disease
Lack of insulin causes disruption to sustainability (3.3 - 5.5 mmol / l)and helps the formation of a heterogeneous disease called Diabetes (Diabetes):
- Full of insulin (absolute deficiency) formsInconvenience in insulinA valuable pathological processI type diabetes (ISD);
- In the early stage, the violation of carbohydrate metabolism, slowly developed, but absolute insulin lack of insulin (relative deficiency)inconvenience in insulinDiabetes (Inzsd), calledType II diabetes.
According to the violations of glucose, the increase in glucose, blood serium (hyperglemia), in principle, symptoms of disease, diabetics, ie all levels, begin to appear in time.
In addition to the diabetes of the first and second species, the special types of this disease are different:
- Average diabetes,Pancreas, pancreas (pancreatitis), pancreate (pancreatitis), pancreas (pancreatitis), pancreati, pancreate, died, cirrhosis of the liver.A number of endocrine disorders accompanied by excessive production of insulin antagonists (acromigali, kushing disease, phoochromositoma, thyroid disease) are in the development of the secondary diabetes.Many medications consumed for a long time have diabetogenic impact: diuretics, some antihypertensive drugs and hormones, oral contraceptives, etc.;
- Diabetes (gestational) in pregnant women,Due to the unique interaction of the hormones of the mother, children and placenta.The pancreas of the feture producing in its insulin begins to slow down the products of insulin with the parent diapers, as a result, this particular form occurs during pregnancy.However, the right management, gestational diabetes, usually disappears after birth.Later, in some cases, women with a similar history of pregnancy (up to 40%), this fact can threaten the preparation of type II diabetes (for 6-8 years).
Why is there a "sweet" disease?
"Sweet" illness forms a large group of patients, so it is clear that the ISSD and his insulin "colleague" genetically appears differently.There is a diabetes of diabetes depending on the insulan, HLA system (Histochommentation), especially the diabetes combined with some genes of D-region.There has not been such a connection to InzSD.
For the development of diabetes of type of type of genetic tendency, a pathogenetic mechanism is starting by provocative factors:
- Congenital distrust of Langerganes islands;
- Adverse effects of the external environment;
- Stress, nerve loads;
- Traumatic brain injuries;
- Pregnancy;
- Infectious processes of virus origin (influenza, "pig", cytomegalovirus infection, coksaki);
- A permanent tendency to permanent wear leading to oil deposits;
- Abuse of sweets (more risks of sweet tooth).
Before lighting the causes of diabetes II, it will be recommended to stand on a very controversial issue: more often - men or women?
At present, the disease has been formed more in women, although the 19th century SD man was a "privilege".By the way, now in some countries of Southeast Asia, men are dominated by this disease.
Type II Diabetes can be included in Mellitus:
- As a result of swelling processes, changes in the structural structural structure of the pancreas, as well as the appearance of cysts, tumors, bleeding;
- Age after 40 years;
- Weight excess weight (the most important risk factor for inzSD!);
- Vascular diseases due to atherosclerotic process and arterial hypertension;
- The birth of a child with women, pregnancy and high body weight (more than 4 kg);
- Having relatives suffering from diabetes;
- Strong Psycho -emotal Stress (hypermostation of adrenal glands).
In some cases, the reasons for different types of diabetes (the impact of stress, obesity, external factors), but the beginning of the process in the diabetes of the first and second species, moreover, moreoverISSD is a large number of children and young people and insulin -dirpende prefers people with a larger generation.
Why do you want to drink so much?
The characteristic symptoms of diabetes may be represented in the following form, regardless of the form and type:
- Dry mucus mouthpiece;
- Almost non-conscripted thirst related to dehydration;
- Release by kidneys (polyuria) that forms excessive urine and dehydration;
- Increased glucose concentration of glucose (hyperglikemia) due to the dismantle of sugar due to insulin deficiency;
- The appearance of urine (glucose) and ketonuria (ketonuria), which is usually insignificant amounts of sugar, but with diabetic patients, and the liver is in urine;
- URE and sodium ions (glucose) blood plasma (glucose) increased)+) ;;
- The disease is a characteristic feature of a catabolic syndrome developed for the loss of weight loss, glycogen, lipoliz (oil mobilization), catabolism (glucose) of catabolism (glucose);
- Violation of the lipid spectrum indicators, decreased by total cholesterol, Nezhk (unwanted fatty acids), triglycerides.The growing content of lipids is actively starting to go to the lipstick, where keton bodies (acetone ++ -oxiyic acid + acetone ++ -oxiyic acid + acetoxus acid + acetouxus acid) are extremely formed and intensively oxidized.Threatens a dangerous state called the excessive concentration of keton objectsDiabetic ketoacidosis.
Thus, the general signs of diabetes can be characterized for any form of the disease, but to not be confused by the reader, it should be noted again or in this type of characteristics.
I type diabetes - the young "privilege"
The ISD start is characterized by sharp (weeks or months).Type i signs of diabetes are announced and manifests itself with typical clinical symptoms of this disease:
- A sharp fall in weight;
- An unnatural thirst, a person tries to do it, but just can't be drunk;
- Large amounts of urine are secreted (polyuria);
- Significantly increase in concentration of glucose and keton bodies in the blood serum (ketoacidosis).At the initial stage, if the patient still does not yet know its problems, diabetics (ketoacidotic, hyperglishemic) develops a situation that is extremely life-degree, so insulin therapy is set as early as possible (Hurry only diabetes).
In most cases, metabolic processes are compensated after insulin use,The need for insulin insulin needs a sharp decline, temporarily "recovery".However, this short remission situation should not relax either patient or after the doctor, because after a while, the disease will remind him again.As the duration of the disease increased, the need for insulin increased, but mainly unless ketoacidosis will not exceed 0.8-1.0 units / kg.
Development of the late complications of the diabetes (retinopathy, nephropathy) Development of the late complications may appear in 5-10 years.The main reasons for the deadly consequences of ISD are:
- Terminal kidney failure with a result of diabetic glomerulosclerosis;
- Cardiovascular disorder, as a conclusion of the main disease with some kidneys.
Illness or age - variable changes?(Type II diabetes)
Inzsd develops for several months or even years.The problems are carried by the problems, a person is different professionals (dermatologist, gynecologist, neurologist ...).Since diseases in the patient's opinion, the disease does not suspect: furunculosis, skin itching, fungal lesions, pain in the lower extremities - II symptoms of diabetes.Patients get used to their condition and the diabetes continue to develop all systems and primarily to ships, slowly.
Inzsd, as a rule, as a rule, as a rule, is usually characterized as a rule of ketoacidose.
Type 2 Diabetes Treatment is generally suitable for diet to restrict and use of digested (elegant) carbohydrates to reduce drug medications (if necessary).Insulin, the development of the disease has reached the stage of severe complications or is inviolable of drugs.
The main reason for the death of the InzSD was known as a cardiovascular pathology that became the result of diabetes.As a rule, this is a heart attack or stroke.
Diabetes treatment products
The basis of compensation for diabetes is three basic principles:
- Compensation for insulin deficiency;
- Adjustment of endocrine exchange disorder;
- Prevention of diabetes, its aggravation and their timely treatment.
The implementation of these principles is carried out based on 5 main tasks:
- Diabetes Nutrition is prescribed "The first violin" party;
- The physical exercise system is selected in adequate and individual, after a diet;
- The drugs reduced drugs are mainly used to treat type 2 diabetes;
- Insulin therapy is determined by inzsd if necessary, but the type of type 1 is the key in diabetes;
- Teach patients for Self -Control (buy blood from one finger, use a glucometer, use the application without help from insulin).
Laboratory control of these positions indicate the compensation rate after the following biochemical studies:
| Indicators | A good compensation rate | Swamp | Bad |
|---|---|---|---|
| Glucose level in a blank stomach (MMOL / L) | 4.4 - 6.1 | 6.2 - 7.8 | Ø 7.8 |
| Sugar content in blood serum 2 hours after eating (MMOL / L) | 5.5 - 8.0 | 8.1 - 10.0 | Ø 10.0 |
| Glycocylated hemoglobin percentage (HBA1,%) | <8.0 | 8.0 - 9.5 | Ø 10.0 |
| Indicator of General Cholesterol in Serum (MMOL / L) | <5.2 | 5.2 - 6.5 | Ø 6.5 |
| Level of triglycerids (MMOL / L) | <1.7 | 1.7 - 2.2 | Ø 2.2 |
An important role of a diet in the treatment of InzSD
Diabetics are very good, even for people, the table № 9. What do all these mean?What is the difference between everyone this mysterious diet?
You should not mistake looking at the "scratches" of diabetics that are deprived of the joy of life.The diet in diabetes is not different from the nutrition of healthy people, but the necessary amount of carbohydrates (60%), oils (24%), proteins (16%) are receiving patients.
The power supply for diabetes, slowly carpetives slowly change the gentle sugars in the products that are slowly broken down.Sugar sold in a store for everyone and sweets, falls into the forbidden meal category.
As for the balance of nutrition, everything is serious here: the diabetics should be at least 40 g, and use the required amount of vitamins and pects.on the day.
Serious individual physical activity
For each patient, physical activity is selected separately by the participating doctor, but even if these responsibilities are taken into account:
- Age;
- Symptoms of diabetes;
- The severity of the flow of the pathological process;
- The presence or absence of complications.
The physical activity determined by the doctor and the physical activity performed by the Chamber must contribute to the "combustion" of carbohydrates and oils without attracting insulin.The dosage of the necessary dosage, which is necessary to compensate metabolic disorders, is noticeably, because you can have an undesirable effect preventing the increase in blood sugar.Adequate physical activity reduces glucose, insulin's applied dosage and eventually reduced sugar levels below the decrease in sugar levels (hypoglycemia).
So,The dose of insulin and physical activity requires a lot of attention and comprehensive calculation,Do not take a joint step on the lower boundary of normal laboratory indicators to complete each other.
Or maybe try folk treatments?
Type 2 diabetes The treatment is often accompanied by the search for patients with people who can prevent the process and do-dosing forms as much as possible.
Our farthe farmer has people's treatment for diabetes, without looking at the lack of such a disease, but we should not forgetPuzzies and testor made of various plants are an assistant agent.The use of local medications for diabetes is performing the patient without adapting to the diet and fulfilling control of blood sugar.
In order to fight this pathological house, popular people are used:
- Bark and white hold leaves;
- Oats of grain and peeling;
- Walnut partitions;
- Bay leaf;
- Cinnamon;
- Acorns;
- Nettle;
- Dandelion.
If the treatment of diet and people does not help ...
In the end of the last century, so many new generations, which are widely known and widely known in memories, and they were replaced by new generation drugs prepared by the three main diabetes produced in the drug industry.
What is suitable for one or other patients - the endocrinologist decides.And we will make a few visual examples to avoid making patients self-fix and use these drugs to diabetes with their desire.
Sulfonilmochevins derivatives
Currently, the second generation sulfonem is moving from 10 hours to a day.Usually patients take them 2 times a day before eating half an hour ago.
These drugs are completely contraindicated in the following cases:
- 1 type of diabetes;
- Diabetic, hyperosmolic, lactation coma;
- Pregnancy, childbirth, lactation;
- Diabetic nephroatia is accompanied by impaired filtration;
- Diseases of the hematopoetic system with a split of white blood cells - Lokocytes (Leukocytopenia) and platelet hematopoiesis (platelitopheeney);
- Severe infectious and inflammatory liver lesions (hepatitis);
- Ink diabetes with vascular pathology.
In addition, it can threaten the development of allergic reactions used in the group:
- Itching and urticry sometimes reaches the edema of Quincke;
- Disorders of the digestive system;
- Changes on the blood (decrease in the level of platelets and leukocytes);
- Perhaps the violation of the functional abilities of the liver (Jaundice due to cholestasis).
Sahabro-Biguanides family grain objects
Biguanides (Guanidine Derivatives) are actively used for the treatment of diabetes, often adds sulfonamides to them.People with patients with obesity are very rationalized for use, but people with liver, kidneys and cardiovascular patholes are dramatically limited to the same group, and hinder the gumming drugs in the small intestine, or hinder the gumbohydrate in the small intestine
The use of Biguanides is definitely considered:
- ISD (type 1 diabetes);
- Significant weight loss;
- Contagious processes, regardless of localization;
- Surgical interventions;
- Pregnancy, childbirth, breastfeeding period;
- Coma states;
- Liver and kidney pathology;
- Oxygen hunger;
- Microgiopathy (2-4 degrees) with visual impairment and kidney function;
- Trophic ulcers and necrotic processes;
- Violation of blood circulation in low extremities due to various vascular pathology.
Insulin treatment
The fact that the above is the aboveThe use of insulin is the main treatment of heavy complications of diabetes, all emergencies and diabetes.InzSD requires this therapy to be appointed in insulin, and the correction of other means does not have the right impact.
Modern insulins called monocompetent, represent two groups:
- Monocomatical pharmacological forms of human insulin substance (semi synthetic or DNA-rocombinant) are undoubtedly an important advantage for pork preparations.Practically do not have opposite hints and side effects;
- Monocompetment insulins obtained from the pig's pancreas.Compared to human insufficities, these drugs require about 15% increase in the dose of medicine.
Diabetes are dangerous complications
Along with the damage to many bodies and tissues in diabetes, you can find its manifestations in almost all body systems.Diabetes complication:
- Pathological changes in the skin: Diabetic Dermopathy, Lipoid Nekrobiosis, Furunculosis, Xanthoma, Skin Mushrooms;
- Bone-articular diseases:
- Diabetic OsteolarPropath (Joint Joint - Microsirculation and Tropical Disease Violation of the Microsirculation and Tropical Riot occurred in the background, spontaneous fractures, spontaneous fracturesdiabetic footOpen
- Diabetic hypropathy, characterized by stiffness in the joints of hands in children in children with diabetes of children;
- Respiratory Diseases: Long-termLusted bronchitis, pneumonia,Increasing the frequency of tuberculosisOpen
- Pathological processes that affect digestions:Diabetic EnteropathyIncreased peristalis, diarrhea (up to 30 times a day), accompanied by a reduction in body weight;
- Diabetic retinopathy- one of the most serious complications characterized by damage to the visual organs;
- The most common complication of diabetes is taken into accountDiabetic neuropathyand its diversity -PolineuropathyIt reaches 90% of all forms of pathology.Often belong to diabetic polyinevopathyDiabetic Toe SyndromeOpen
- The pathological condition of the cardiovascular system, in most cases, the cause of the death of diabetes, Mellitus.Diabetes with diabetes, hypercolesterololology and vascular atherosclerosis, which began developing at a young age, causing disease of heart and blood vessels (coronary heart disease, myocardial heart failure, heart failure, heart failure).
Prevention
The measures to prevent diabetes are based on its defective causes.In this case, it is recommended to talk about the prevention of atherosclerosis, including excess weight, bad habits and food dependence, including the arterial hypertension.
The prevention of diabetes is to prevent the development of diabetes from itself.Glucose adjustment, diet, adequate physical activity, adequate physical activity in the blood serum, this will help push the results of a huge disease.